• Tendon lesions: hamstrings, calves, goose foot, biceps, semitendinous.

• Injuries in the meniscus: internal and external, especially with squatting and turning.

• Baker’s cyst: accumulation of knee fluid in the back.

• Sciatic syndrome: due to herniated disc in the lumbar spine, clamping of the sciatic nerve.

•  Posterior cruciate ligament injury in an acute phase.

• Deep vein thrombosis or postphlebitic or pseudophlebitic syndrome.

• Diffuse villonodular synovitis.

• Injury of the external ligament (lateral collateral); sprain or rupture.

• External meniscus lesion: more serious and worse tolerated.

• Deviation in valgo: bowlegs, arched with knees together and feet apart.

• Friction syndrome of the iliotibial band: typical of runners and cyclists.

• Cartilage lesions: chondral ulcers, dissecting osteochondritis.

• Cartilage wear: osteoarthritis of the external part.

• Chronic compartment leg syndrome: typical of long-distance runners.

The menisci are the shock absorbers of the knee and it is very important to preserve them. Before it was thought that they had no function and were operated by removing them completely. Now we know that removing a meniscus condemns the patient to suffer from osteoarthritis = cartilage wear very early. That is why we try to keep them even in case of injury. If they are broken and can be sewn we do it by arthroscopy. If they cannot be sewn, we try to preserve them by controlling the pain with specific infiltrations and knee pads. If you have to make a resection we try to make it minimal. If the resection is large then we replace the meniscus with another, either artificial or a transplant. The physiotherapy and retraining protocol is crucial for the success of meniscus treatment.

We always try not to have to operate in the acute or recent phase of the injury. We treat all injuries with our protocol of partial immobilization, specific knee brace, regenerative therapies, individualized physical therapy and rehabilitation with a high success rate.

If there is a repairable (suturable) lesion of the meniscus or if the knee continues to fail despite the correct treatment, then the surgery we perform preserves the patient’s tissue to the maximum and is minimally invasive. We replace the ligament with a single tendon (semitendinous) to avoid further damage and speed up recovery. We use very stable fixation systems that allow the patient to walk on the same day of their operation, as well as regenerative techniques and bone preservation so that the reincorporation to sport is faster than with conventional techniques.

In patients already operated in other centers and who continue to fail we make a detailed study of the causes of the failure to solve them and achieve a high success rate.

When several ligaments of the knee fail, the patient feels unstable and the knee tends to wear the cartilage very quickly, with risk of osteoarthritis.

Diagnosis is crucial and knowing exactly and in detail what ligaments are the ones that fail is the key to success.

The surgery is very complex and has a high risk rate. That is why very experienced and expert surgeons like our team must perform it. The broken ligaments must be replaced by tendons either from the patient or from a transplant. Use the appropriate fixation systems and follow a very individualized physical therapy and retraining protocol in expert hands, like the one we have designed in our team.